The U.S. Supreme Court case Anglo-American Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co., 1903, revolved around a dispute between two companies over the use of trademarks and trade names in their business operations. The plaintiff, Anglo-American Provision Company, alleged that the defendant, Davis Provision Company was infringing on its trademark by using a similar name and logo to sell its products which caused confusion among consumers leading to loss of sales for the plaintiff's company. However, upon review of evidence presented before it including labels used by both parties in marketing their goods as well as other relevant documents pertaining to their businesses' operations; the court ruled in favor of Davis Provisions Co., stating that there were no substantial similarities between both entities' trademarks or logos that could lead any reasonable person into confusing one for another hence causing damage or injury to either party involved.

In the dissenting opinion for the Anglo-American Provision Co. v. Davis Provision Co., Justice Holmes disagreed with the majority's decision, arguing that it was not a case of unfair competition or trademark infringement as claimed by the plaintiff. He believed that there was no deception involved in this case since both companies were using their own names and labels on their products, which were sufficiently different to avoid confusion among consumers. Furthermore, he argued that any similarities between these two brands could be attributed to common industry practices rather than an intentional attempt to mislead customers by one company against another. Therefore, according to him, there should have been no injunction granted against Davis Provision Company because they did not violate any laws related to trademarks or unfair business practices.