The Arizona Employers' Liability Cases of 1918 were a series of cases that challenged the constitutionality of an Arizona law which held employers strictly liable for injuries sustained by employees in hazardous occupations. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the law was unconstitutional because it violated due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment, as it did not allow employers to defend themselves against claims by showing they had taken all reasonable precautions to prevent injury. The court argued that while states have broad powers to regulate businesses and protect workers, these powers must be balanced with constitutional protections for individual rights, including property rights of business owners.

In the dissenting opinion for the Arizona Employers' Liability Cases, 1918, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state law requiring employers to compensate employees for work-related injuries regardless of fault infringed upon constitutional rights. The dissenting justices believed that this law violated due process by forcing an employer to pay damages without proof of negligence or any wrongful act on their part. They also contended that such legislation interfered with freedom of contract and exceeded states' police powers. Furthermore, they expressed concern about potential economic consequences if businesses were held financially responsible for all workplace accidents irrespective of cause or fault. This viewpoint maintained a strict interpretation of constitutionally protected individual liberties and property rights over broader social welfare considerations.