In the 1910 case of Baglin v. Cusenier Company, the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of Baglin, who represented The Order of Carthusian Monks. The monks had been producing and selling a liqueur known as Chartreuse since 1737 in France. However, during their exile from France (1903-1929), Cusenier Company began to produce a similar product under the same name. When the monks returned to France and resumed production, they discovered that their trademarked name was being used by another company for a similar product which led them to file suit against Cusenier Company for trademark infringement. The court held that even though there were other products named after places (like champagne or burgundy), this did not mean every geographical location could be used freely as a brand name without considering existing trademarks rights. It was found that consumers associated "Chartreuse" with its original producers - The Order of Carthusian Monks - due to its long history and unique recipe; therefore it constituted an exclusive right protected by law. This ruling set an important precedent regarding international intellectual property rights and protection against unfair competition.

In the dissenting opinion for Baglin v. Cusenier Company, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a trademark infringement claim against Cusenier Company was incorrect. The dissenting justices contended that there had been no proof of fraudulent intent on part of the defendant and thus, they should not be held liable for any alleged damages. They also disagreed with the majority's interpretation of what constitutes as "unfair competition", arguing that this term should only apply in cases where there is clear evidence of deceitful practices or malicious intent to cause harm to another business entity. Furthermore, they expressed concerns about potential implications this ruling could have on future cases involving similar disputes over trademarks and brand identities, fearing it might set a dangerous precedent which could stifle competition and innovation within various industries.