The Blair v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., 1944, was a case that revolved around the issue of whether or not an employer could be held liable for injuries sustained by an employee due to negligence on part of another employee. The plaintiff, Blair, had been injured while working for the defendant company and sought compensation under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA). The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Blair stating that under FELA, employers are indeed responsible for injuries caused by their employees’ negligence during work hours. This ruling set a precedent in labor law making it clear that companies can be held accountable for maintaining safe working conditions and ensuring proper training and supervision to prevent accidents caused by employees.

In the dissenting opinion for Blair v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., Justice Robert H. Jackson disagreed with the majority's decision to uphold a lower court ruling that denied an injured worker compensation under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA). He argued that FELA was enacted specifically to protect railroad workers from injuries sustained on-the-job and should be interpreted broadly in favor of employees, not narrowly as done by the majority. According to him, it was irrelevant whether or not Blair had been negligent; what mattered was that he got injured while performing his duties at work and therefore deserved compensation under FELA. Furthermore, he criticized the Court's reliance on common law principles instead of focusing on Congress' intent when enacting FELA - which according to him clearly favored employee protection over employer immunity from liability.