In the 1943 case Cafeteria Employees Union, Local 302 v. Angelos et al., the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of a group of cafeteria employees who were seeking to enforce an arbitration award against their employer under a collective bargaining agreement. The court held that federal courts have jurisdiction over such disputes and can compel compliance with arbitration awards made pursuant to labor contracts, even if state law would not provide for enforcement of such awards. This decision was significant because it affirmed the supremacy of federal labor laws and policies over conflicting state laws, thereby strengthening protections for workers' rights.

In the dissenting opinion for Cafeteria Employees Union, Local 302 v. Angelos, Justice Frank Murphy argued that the majority's decision was a dangerous precedent that undermined labor rights and free speech. He contended that unions should have the right to peacefully picket as part of their efforts to improve working conditions and wages. According to him, this case involved peaceful picketing which did not involve any violence or threat thereof; hence it should be protected by law rather than being suppressed on grounds of causing inconvenience or annoyance to others. Furthermore, he believed that such suppression would only serve business interests while disregarding workers' rights and welfare. Thus, he disagreed with the majority's ruling in favor of Angelos et al., arguing instead for upholding union members' constitutional rights.