In the case of Castle, Attorney General, et al. v. Hayes Freight Lines, Inc., 1954, the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hayes Freight Lines Inc., a trucking company that had been barred from operating in Illinois due to repeated violations of state weight regulations. The court held that while states have the right to regulate highway use and enforce penalties for violation of these rules within their borders, they cannot completely ban an interstate carrier from their highways as punishment without violating the Commerce Clause of the Constitution which gives Congress power over interstate commerce. This decision was based on principles established by previous cases such as South Carolina State Highway Department v Barnwell Bros (1938) where it was determined that states could not impose unreasonable burdens on interstate commerce even under its police powers.

In the dissenting opinion for Castle, Attorney General, et al. v. Hayes Freight Lines, Inc., Justice Robert H. Jackson disagreed with the majority's ruling that Illinois could not suspend an interstate motor carrier from its highways due to repeated violations of state safety regulations. He argued that states should have the power to enforce their own laws and protect their citizens' safety without interference from federal courts or agencies unless there is a clear conflict with federal law or policy. In this case, he saw no such conflict since both state and federal authorities were aiming at promoting highway safety by regulating truck weights on public roads. Furthermore, he pointed out that while Congress had given some regulatory powers over interstate commerce to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), it did not intend for these powers to completely override those of individual states in matters concerning local road use and maintenance.