The U.S. Supreme Court case Walker L. Chandler, et al. v. Zell D. Miller, Governor of Georgia, et al., 1996 revolved around the constitutionality of a Georgia statute that required candidates for state office to pass a drug test before their names could be placed on the ballot for election purposes. The plaintiffs argued this law violated their Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures as well as First Amendment rights by imposing an undue burden on political candidates seeking public office in Georgia. The District Court initially upheld the law but was reversed by the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals which held that it did violate these constitutional protections because there was no significant government interest justifying such invasive testing procedures without suspicion or evidence of illicit drug use among political candidates. This decision marked an important precedent in protecting individual privacy rights from unnecessary governmental intrusion while also reinforcing principles related to democratic participation and candidacy within electoral processes.

In the dissenting opinion for Walker L. Chandler, et al. v. Zell D. Miller, Governor of Georgia, et al., Justice Scalia argued that the state's interest in promoting highway safety outweighed any potential infringement on First Amendment rights caused by a statute requiring political candidates to take drug tests before appearing on ballots. He contended that this requirement was not significantly different from other common prerequisites for candidacy such as age or residency requirements and did not constitute an unreasonable search under the Fourth Amendment because it was minimally invasive and served a compelling public interest. Furthermore, he disagreed with the majority's assertion that there was no evidence linking drug use to poor performance in public office; instead arguing that such links were self-evident and widely accepted by society at large.