In the case of Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad Company v. Holloway in 1903, the U.S Supreme Court ruled on a dispute involving land rights and railroad construction. The plaintiff, Holloway, owned land that was part of an Indian reservation which had been allotted to him under federal law. The defendant railway company constructed tracks across his property without obtaining permission or providing compensation for its use. Holloway sued for damages and won at both district court level and upon appeal at circuit court level. The key issue before the Supreme Court was whether Congress's approval of maps showing proposed routes through Indian Territory constituted a taking of private property for public use without just compensation - violating Fifth Amendment rights - when no explicit provision existed within legislation authorizing such action by railroads. The Supreme Court upheld lower courts' decisions favoring Holloway stating that mere approval by Congress did not equate to authorization allowing railroads to seize lands without due process or fair payment; thus confirming violation against Fifth Amendment protections.

In the dissenting opinion for Choctaw, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad Company v. Holloway, it was argued that the majority's decision to hold a railroad company liable for damages due to an employee's negligence was incorrect. The dissenting justices believed that there should be no liability unless there is proof of negligence on part of the employer or if they had knowledge about their employee’s incompetence and still allowed them to work. They contended that employers cannot always prevent accidents caused by employees' carelessness and thus should not be held responsible in such cases. Furthermore, they expressed concern over how this ruling could potentially lead to excessive litigation against businesses and have negative impacts on economic growth.