The U.S. Supreme Court case Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. and Ernesto Pichardo v. City of Hialeah in 1992 revolved around religious freedom under the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause. The city of Hialeah, Florida had passed ordinances prohibiting animal sacrifice which directly affected practices by the Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, a Santeria church that uses animal sacrifice as part of its rituals. The court ruled unanimously in favor of the church stating that these laws were not neutral or generally applicable but specifically targeted this particular religion’s practice thereby infringing upon their right to free exercise thereof without compelling governmental interest justifying such infringement thus violating their First Amendment rights.

In the case of Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. and Ernesto Pichardo v. City of Hialeah, there was no formal dissenting opinion as the decision was unanimous (9-0) in favor of the plaintiffs - The Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye and Ernesto Pichardo. All justices agreed that the city's ordinances were not neutral or generally applicable laws, but rather targeted a specific religion – Santeria – thus violating their First Amendment rights to freedom of religion. Therefore, it is impossible to provide a summary for a dissenting opinion since none exists for this particular case.