In the Cities Service Gas Co. v. State Corporation Commission of Kansas et al., 1957, the Supreme Court ruled on a dispute between an interstate natural gas company and the state of Kansas over regulatory jurisdiction. The case arose when Cities Service Gas Company challenged orders from the Kansas State Corporation Commission that required it to purchase natural gas produced within certain areas in Kansas for resale outside of the state. The company argued that these orders were unconstitutional as they interfered with interstate commerce and violated its due process rights under Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court held that while states have authority to regulate local aspects of natural gas production, they cannot interfere with federal control over interstate sales by forcing companies to buy or sell at particular prices or quantities for such transactions. Therefore, it was decided in favor of Cities Service Gas Co., ruling that Kansas' regulations were indeed unconstitutional because they intruded upon federal jurisdiction over interstate commerce.

In the dissenting opinion for Cities Service Gas Co. v. State Corporation Commission of Kansas et al., it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state regulation limiting gas exports violated both federal law and constitutional principles. The dissenting justices contended that, under the Natural Gas Act, only the Federal Power Commission had jurisdiction over interstate natural gas sales - not individual states. They also asserted that by allowing Kansas to restrict out-of-state gas sales in order to conserve resources for its own citizens, the court was effectively sanctioning economic protectionism at a state level which contradicted with Commerce Clause of Constitution prohibiting such practices between states. Furthermore, they expressed concern about potential negative implications this ruling could have on future energy policy and interstate commerce more broadly.