In the case City of Los Angeles v. Edwin F. David, 2002, the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of the city of Los Angeles against a claim made by Edwin F. David for damages under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The court held that Congress did not have constitutional authority to abrogate state sovereign immunity in cases where discrimination was alleged on public transportation services provided by cities or municipalities. This ruling effectively meant that individuals could not sue states for money damages under Title II of ADA unless they can prove violation of their Fourteenth Amendment rights - which requires showing intentional discrimination rather than mere failure to accommodate disabilities adequately.

The dissenting opinion in the case of City of Los Angeles v. Edwin F. David argued that the majority's decision to allow police officers to conduct a search without a warrant, based on an anonymous tip, was contrary to Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures. The dissenters believed that this ruling significantly lowered the bar for what constitutes reasonable suspicion, thereby eroding citizens' constitutional rights. They contended that an anonymous tip alone should not be enough grounds for a stop-and-frisk procedure unless it can be independently corroborated or is reliable in its assertion of illegality—not just identification or location information about someone who might be carrying contraband items like drugs or weapons.