In the case of Collins et al. v. American Buslines, Inc. et al., 1955, the plaintiffs were African-American passengers who sued a bus company and its driver for racial discrimination under federal law after they were forced to move from their seats on an interstate bus in Oklahoma due to their race. The defendants argued that because the incident occurred within state lines, it was subject only to state law which allowed such segregation at that time. However, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs stating that as per Interstate Commerce Act (1887), any form of racial discrimination is prohibited on interstate buses regardless of individual state laws permitting segregation.

The dissenting opinion in the Collins et al. v. American Buslines, Inc. et al., case argued that the majority's decision to uphold a lower court ruling dismissing an antitrust lawsuit was incorrect and failed to consider important aspects of the Sherman Act. The dissent emphasized that while it is true that not every loss caused by competitive business practices constitutes an actionable claim under antitrust laws, this does not mean such losses should be dismissed without proper examination of their nature and cause. They contended that if a company has suffered damage as a result of another’s illegal monopolistic activities, they should have legal recourse even if they are indirect victims or competitors rather than direct consumers or customers. The dissent also expressed concern about potential negative implications for future cases involving similar issues.