In the case of Collins v. O'Neil, Sheriff in 1908, the United States Supreme Court ruled on a dispute involving extradition laws between states. The petitioner, Collins, was arrested in Alabama for crimes allegedly committed in Georgia and sought habeas corpus relief to prevent his extradition back to Georgia. He argued that he had been tried and acquitted for these same charges previously in Alabama and thus could not be extradited due to double jeopardy protections under the Fifth Amendment of the U.S Constitution. However, the court held that an acquittal or conviction in one state does not bar prosecution for the same act in another state because each state is considered a separate sovereign entity with its own criminal jurisdiction. Therefore, it upheld his arrest warrant issued by Governor Comer of Alabama based on requisition from Governor Smith of Georgia.

In the dissenting opinion for Collins v. O'Neil, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state law prohibiting interracial marriage violated both due process and equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. The dissent contended that such laws were based on prejudice and served no legitimate governmental interest. It further asserted that these laws infringed upon an individual’s fundamental right to marry, which should not be subject to racial restrictions. Moreover, they believed this ruling contradicted previous decisions where similar discriminatory statutes had been struck down by the court as unconstitutional violations of personal liberty and equality before law.