In the case of Corinth Publications, Inc. v. Wesberry et al., 1966, the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of Wesberry and other respondents who were residents and qualified voters from Georgia's Fifth Congressional District. The plaintiffs argued that their constitutional rights had been violated due to malapportionment - a situation where electoral districts are not divided equally based on population, leading to unequal representation in Congress. They claimed that this was inconsistent with Article I Section II of the United States Constitution which mandates equal representation for equal numbers of people. The court held that as nearly as is practicable one man’s vote in a congressional election should be worth as much as another’s; thus affirming the principle "one person, one vote". This ruling effectively required all states to redraw their congressional districts so they would have roughly equal populations.

In the dissenting opinion for Corinth Publications, Inc. v. Wesberry et al., Justice Harlan argued that the majority's decision to overturn a Georgia congressional district map on grounds of population inequality was an overreach of judicial authority. He contended that such matters should be left to legislative bodies and not decided by courts. According to him, there is no constitutional requirement for equal representation in Congress based on population size; rather, it is up to states how they want their districts drawn within reasonable limits set by law or precedent. Furthermore, he expressed concern about potential instability caused by frequent redrawing of district maps following each census update if strict numerical equality were required as per the majority ruling.