Dupasseur v. Rochereau was a United States Supreme Court case that addressed the issue of whether a foreign judgment could be enforced in the United States. The case involved a dispute between two French citizens, Dupasseur and Rochereau, over a debt owed by Dupasseur to Rochereau. The dispute was initially heard in a French court, which found in favor of Rochereau and ordered Dupasseur to pay the debt. Rochereau then sought to enforce the judgment in the United States. The Supreme Court held that the French judgment could not be enforced in the United States. The Court reasoned that the French court lacked jurisdiction over Dupasseur, as he was not a resident of France and had not been served with process in France. The Court also noted that the French court had not followed the proper procedures for enforcing a foreign judgment in the United States. Ultimately, the Supreme Court held that the French judgment could not be enforced in the United States. The Court reasoned that the French court lacked jurisdiction over Dupasseur, and that the proper procedures for enforcing a foreign judgment had not been followed. This decision established the principle that foreign judgments cannot be enforced in the United States unless the foreign court had jurisdiction over the parties and followed the proper procedures for enforcing a foreign judgment.

In Dupasseur v. Rochereau, the Supreme Court was tasked with deciding whether a contract between two parties in France should be enforced by an American court. The majority opinion held that it should not, as the contract had been made under French law and thus could only be enforced in France. Justice Field dissented from this ruling, arguing that contracts are generally enforceable regardless of where they were made or what laws governed them at the time of their formation. He argued further that if a foreign judgment is recognized by an American court then so too should any foreign contract which has been properly executed according to its own legal system's rules and regulations; otherwise there would be no incentive for people to enter into contracts abroad since they would have no assurance of enforcement here in America.