In the case of Erie Railroad Company v. Szary, 1919, the Supreme Court dealt with a dispute over an injury claim by an employee against his employer under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA). The plaintiff, Szary had been injured while working for Erie Railroad and sought compensation. However, he did not file his lawsuit until after three years from when he was first aware of his injuries which is beyond New Jersey's statute of limitations period for personal injury claims. The railroad company argued that since FELA does not specify a time limit to bring forth such lawsuits and because it occurred in New Jersey where state law limits this to two years, Szary’s claim should be dismissed. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Szary stating that federal law preempts state law in cases involving interstate commerce like railroads; thus making FELA applicable here without any reference to state laws on limitation periods. Therefore even though Szary filed his suit after three years from when he knew about his injuries - which would have been too late under New Jersey State Law - it was still within acceptable timeframe as per FELA provisions.

The dissenting opinion in the case of Erie Railroad Company v. Szary argued that the majority's decision to hold the railroad company liable for injuries sustained by an employee was incorrect. The dissent believed that there was insufficient evidence to prove negligence on part of the employer, and therefore it should not be held responsible for damages. They contended that accidents can occur even when all reasonable precautions have been taken, and thus liability should not automatically fall onto employers in such cases. Furthermore, they expressed concern about setting a precedent where companies could potentially face financial ruin due to lawsuits over unavoidable accidents at work sites.