The U.S. Supreme Court case Fleischmann Distilling Corp. et al. v. Maier Brewing Co., 1966, revolved around a dispute over false advertising claims between two alcohol companies: Fleischmann Distilling Corporation and Maier Brewing Company. The former had filed an injunction against the latter for alleged false statements in their advertisements that disparaged Fleischmann's product, Black & White Scotch Whisky, implying it was not genuine scotch whisky because it was blended with American grain neutral spirits (GNS). However, the court ruled in favor of Maier Brewing Company stating that there were no federal regulations prohibiting such blending practices at the time when those ads ran; hence they couldn't be considered as misleading or deceptive under California law which required proof of probable deception to consumers by defendant’s conduct rather than mere possibility of confusion or misunderstanding.

In the dissenting opinion for Fleischmann Distilling Corp. v. Maier Brewing Co., Justice Black disagreed with the majority's decision to allow a federal court to issue an injunction against state proceedings in this case, arguing that it was contrary to Congress' intent when passing anti-injunction legislation. He believed that such action should only be taken under exceptional circumstances and not simply because a party might have to defend itself in both state and federal courts simultaneously. Furthermore, he argued that allowing such injunctions could lead to unnecessary conflicts between state and federal courts, undermining their respective jurisdictions and potentially leading towards centralization of power within the judiciary system at large.