In the case of Christine Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools and William Prescott, 1991, a high school student named Christine Franklin alleged that she was subjected to sexual harassment by a teacher in her school. She sued the Gwinnett County Public Schools and one of its teachers, William Prescott under Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 which prohibits sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal funds. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Franklin stating that victims can sue for monetary damages under Title IX when they have been sexually harassed at schools or colleges receiving federal funding. This landmark ruling expanded the scope and impact of Title IX beyond just ensuring equal access to educational opportunities but also as a tool for holding institutions accountable for addressing sexual harassment and abuse.

In the dissenting opinion for Christine Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools and William Prescott, Justice Scalia argued that while Title IX prohibits gender discrimination in federally funded education programs, it does not explicitly allow victims to sue for damages. He contended that historically, legal remedies were limited to injunctions and restraining orders unless specifically stated otherwise by Congress. Therefore, he believed the majority's decision to permit damage claims expanded the scope of Title IX beyond its original intent without clear authorization from Congress. Furthermore, he expressed concern about potential financial burdens on educational institutions resulting from this ruling.