The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc., 1959 case involved the FTC accusing Anheuser-Busch of violating Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act by falsely advertising that their beer was made exclusively from barley malt and other high-quality ingredients when it also contained rice and corn grits. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Anheuser-Busch, stating that while the company did use these additional ingredients, they were not inferior or harmful to consumers. Therefore, there was no deception or misrepresentation in their advertisements as alleged by the FTC. This ruling clarified that for a violation to occur under Section 5 of the FTC Act regarding deceptive practices, there must be substantial evidence proving consumer injury due to false advertisement.

The dissenting opinion in the Federal Trade Commission v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc. case argued that the majority's decision was based on a misinterpretation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act and its application to this specific case. The dissent believed that Anheuser-Busch’s actions did not constitute an "unfair method of competition," as they were merely attempting to gain market share through legitimate competitive practices rather than engaging in deceptive or unethical behavior. They also contended that there was no evidence showing any harm caused to competitors or consumers due to these actions, which is typically required for a violation under Section 5. Therefore, they disagreed with the ruling against Anheuser-Busch and felt it could potentially stifle healthy competition within industries by discouraging aggressive yet lawful business strategies.