The U.S. Supreme Court case Grand Trunk Railway Company v. Michigan Railroad Commission in 1913 revolved around the issue of whether a state could regulate interstate commerce rates for railroads operating within its borders. The Grand Trunk Railway Company, an international railway company with operations in Canada and the United States, challenged a decision by the Michigan Railroad Commission that set specific freight rates for goods transported within Michigan's borders. The railway company argued this was unconstitutional as it interfered with Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. However, after careful consideration, the Supreme Court ruled against Grand Trunk Railway Company stating that states have authority to control intrastate commerce unless their actions directly conflict or burden federal regulation of interstate commerce which wasn't proven here. Therefore, they upheld Michigan’s right to establish reasonable railroad rates for transportations occurring entirely within its boundaries even if those transportation services were provided by companies also engaged in interstate business.

In the dissenting opinion for the case of Grand Trunk Railway Company v. Michigan Railroad Commission, it was argued that the Supreme Court should not have jurisdiction over this matter as it pertains to a state's regulation of its own internal commerce. The dissenting justices believed that Michigan had every right to regulate rates on railroads operating within its borders and that federal intervention in such matters undermines states' rights. They also disagreed with the majority's interpretation of what constitutes reasonable and just rates, arguing instead that these determinations should be left up to individual states rather than being dictated by federal courts or commissions. Furthermore, they expressed concern about potential negative impacts on local businesses if railroad companies were allowed to set their own rates without any state oversight or control.