In the case of Hayes v. Florida, 1984, the U.S Supreme Court ruled that police officers cannot forcibly take a suspect to a police station for fingerprinting without probable cause or consent. The court held that such an action constitutes an arrest and therefore requires either probable cause or a warrant. In this case, law enforcement officials had taken Hayes from his home to the station house against his will and without any form of legal justification in order to obtain fingerprints as part of their investigation into local burglaries. The court concluded that these actions violated Hayes' Fourth Amendment rights protecting him from unreasonable searches and seizures.

In the dissenting opinion for Hayes v. Florida, it was argued that the police's actions were justified and did not violate any constitutional rights. The dissenting justices believed that taking a suspect to a police station for fingerprinting without an arrest warrant should be considered reasonable under the Fourth Amendment if there is probable cause to believe they have committed a crime. They also noted that fingerprints are inherently non-testimonial and do not infringe on Fifth Amendment protections against self-incrimination. Furthermore, they pointed out practical implications of requiring warrants or formal arrests before fingerprinting suspects, which could hinder effective law enforcement by creating unnecessary delays in investigations.