In the case of The Hebe Company et al. v. Shaw, Secretary of Agriculture of Ohio, et al., 1918, the Supreme Court ruled on a dispute involving food labeling and regulation laws in Ohio. The Hebe Company was accused by the state's Secretary of Agriculture for mislabeling its product as "evaporated milk" when it contained vegetable oil instead of butterfat from cow’s milk which is required to be labeled as such under Ohio law. The company argued that their product met federal standards for evaporated milk and thus should not be subject to state regulations that were more stringent than those at the national level. The Supreme Court upheld Ohio's right to enforce its own stricter food labeling laws despite them being more restrictive than federal requirements. It stated that while Congress had established minimum standards with regard to interstate commerce in foods, individual states retained their rights under police power provisions to enact further protective measures if they deemed necessary for public health or fraud prevention purposes.

The dissenting opinion in the case of The Hebe Company et al. v. Shaw, Secretary of Agriculture of Ohio, et al., argued that the majority's decision to uphold an Ohio law regulating milk and cream standards was a violation of interstate commerce laws. They contended that by allowing individual states to set their own standards for products sold within their borders, it would create a patchwork system where different rules apply depending on location. This could potentially hinder businesses from freely trading across state lines due to varying regulations and requirements in each state - something which they believed is contrary to the spirit and intention behind federal control over interstate commerce as established by the Constitution.