In the case of Hoffman v. Rauch, Administrator in 1936, the Supreme Court ruled on a matter concerning inheritance and citizenship status. The appellant was an alien who had been denied naturalization due to his refusal to take an oath of allegiance during World War I. He later inherited property from his deceased brother but was barred by Ohio state law from doing so because he wasn't a U.S citizen or declared intention to become one at the time of his brother's death. The court held that this provision violated equal protection under Fourteenth Amendment as it discriminated against aliens based solely on their political beliefs (refusal to take an oath). It also found that such discrimination did not serve any substantial interest for the state and thus deemed it unconstitutional.

In the dissenting opinion for Hoffman v. Rauch, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a state law requiring motor vehicle owners to carry liability insurance as a condition of using public highways was an overreach of government power. The dissenting justices believed that this requirement violated citizens' constitutional rights by forcing them into contracts with private companies against their will and without any justifiable reason related to public safety or welfare. They also pointed out that such laws disproportionately affected lower-income individuals who may not be able to afford insurance premiums, effectively barring them from driving altogether. Furthermore, they expressed concern about potential abuses by insurance companies given their newfound captive market and lack of competition due to the mandatory nature of these policies.