The Interstate Commerce Commission v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., et al., 1965, was a case that revolved around the issue of railroad freight rates and their regulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). The ICC had ordered an increase in rail freight rates which was challenged by several railway companies including Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. They argued that the rate increases were unjust and unreasonable, violating provisions of the Interstate Commerce Act. However, Supreme Court upheld ICC's decision stating it had acted within its authority to regulate interstate commerce under federal law. The court ruled that while courts can review decisions made by administrative agencies like ICC for legal errors or procedural irregularities, they cannot substitute their judgment on matters within agency’s expertise such as setting reasonable freight rates.

In the dissenting opinion for the case of Interstate Commerce Commission v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold an order by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) requiring railroads to provide free interswitching services exceeded its authority and violated principles of fair competition. The dissenters believed that this requirement amounted to a form of price regulation, which is outside ICC’s jurisdiction as per previous court rulings. They also expressed concerns about potential anti-competitive effects, arguing that forcing railroads to offer these services for free could discourage them from investing in their own facilities or seeking out more efficient alternatives. Furthermore, they disagreed with the majority's interpretation of "public interest" used by ICC in making its decision, stating it should not be interpreted so broadly as to justify any action deemed beneficial by regulators without considering other factors such as economic impact on affected parties.