In the case of The People of the State of Illinois ex rel. McNichols v. Pease, Sheriff of Cook County (1907), the U.S Supreme Court was asked to determine whether a writ issued by an Illinois court ordering a sheriff to release a prisoner from jail violated federal law or interfered with federal jurisdiction. The petitioner, McNichols, had been arrested and detained in Chicago on charges brought against him in Colorado for embezzlement. He sought relief through habeas corpus proceedings in state court arguing that his arrest and extradition were illegal because he was not within Colorado at the time alleged crimes occurred there; thus making it impossible for him to have committed them. The Supreme Court ruled that while states do have authority over their own judicial processes including issuing writs such as habeas corpus, they cannot interfere with or obstruct federal laws or jurisdiction which includes interstate rendition procedures under Article IV Section 2 Clause 2 also known as Extradition Clause of US Constitution. Therefore, even though McNichols obtained favorable ruling from state courts initially; ultimately his petition was denied by US Supreme Court upholding validity of his arrest and detention pending extradition process completion based on charges filed against him in another state i.e., Colorado.

In the dissenting opinion for The People of the State of Illinois ex rel. McNichols v. Pease, Sheriff of Cook County, 1907 case, it was argued that there is a fundamental right to trial by jury in criminal cases under both federal and state constitutions. It was contended that this right should not be denied or impaired by any legislative act or court decision. The dissent also emphasized on the importance of upholding constitutional rights and liberties even when they may seem inconvenient or burdensome to government authorities. Furthermore, it was pointed out that if such rights are allowed to be violated without consequence then all other constitutional protections could potentially be undermined as well.