The In re Pennsylvania Company case in 1890 involved the Pennsylvania Company's petition to the Supreme Court regarding a tax dispute. The company contested that it was unfairly taxed by the state of Maryland on bonds owned by them but secured by real estate located outside of Maryland. They argued this violated their rights under Article IV, Section 2 and Amendment XIV, Section 1 of the U.S Constitution which prohibit states from depriving any person or corporation of property without due process of law and guarantee equal protection under laws respectively. However, the court ruled against them stating that these constitutional provisions did not prevent a state from taxing personal property situated within its jurisdiction regardless if such property is invested or used elsewhere. Therefore, since Pennsylvania Company was incorporated in Maryland and carried out business there, it could be taxed on all its personal properties including those invested outside Maryland.

The dissenting opinion in the case of In re Pennsylvania Company, 1890, argued that the majority's decision to uphold a lower court ruling against the petitioner was incorrect. The dissenters believed that there were significant errors made by the lower courts which should have been rectified by the Supreme Court. They contended that these mistakes had led to an unjust outcome for Pennsylvania Company and thus disagreed with their fellow justices' decision not to intervene. Furthermore, they expressed concern about potential implications this could have on future cases involving similar issues or circumstances.