The U.S. Supreme Court case Indiana Farmer's Guide Publishing Co. v. Prairie Farmer Publishing Co., et al., 1934, revolved around a dispute over trademark infringement and unfair competition in the publishing industry. The plaintiff, Indiana Farmer's Guide Publishing Company, alleged that the defendant, Prairie Farmer Publishing Company had infringed upon their trade name by using "Farmer's Guide" as part of its title for a publication distributed in Indiana and other states where the plaintiff also circulated its publications under similar names like "Indiana Farmers' Guide". The court held that there was no evidence to suggest any intention on part of the defendants to deceive or mislead consumers into believing they were purchasing products from another company (plaintiff). Therefore, it ruled against the claim of unfair competition since both companies operated within different geographical markets with distinct consumer bases.

The dissenting opinion in the case of Indiana Farmer's Guide Publishing Co. v. Prairie Farmer Publishing Co., et al., argued that the majority had erred in their interpretation of unfair competition law, particularly with regard to trademark infringement and misrepresentation. The dissent emphasized that there was no evidence showing any intent by the defendant to deceive or cause confusion among consumers about its product's origin or affiliation with another company’s products, which is a crucial element for establishing unfair competition claims under common law principles. Furthermore, it pointed out that both companies were operating within their rights as publishers and using similar names was not sufficient grounds for an injunction since these names merely described the nature of their businesses rather than serving as distinctive trademarks.