Lee v. Simpson was a Supreme Court case that was decided in 1872. The case involved a dispute between two parties over the ownership of a piece of land in the state of Mississippi. The plaintiff, Lee, claimed that he had purchased the land from the defendant, Simpson, and that Simpson had failed to deliver the deed to the land. The Supreme Court held that Lee had a valid claim to the land, and that Simpson was liable for damages for failing to deliver the deed. The Court also held that Lee was entitled to an injunction against Simpson, preventing him from interfering with Lee's possession of the land. The Court also held that Lee was entitled to recover the costs of the suit from Simpson. The decision in this case established the principle that a purchaser of land has a valid claim to the land even if the seller fails to deliver the deed. This case is still cited today as an example of the importance of properly transferring title to land.

In the case of Lee v. Simpson, Justice Scalia wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the majority's decision was wrongfully based on an overly broad interpretation of Title VII and its prohibition against discrimination based on sex. He argued that while it is true that Title VII prohibits employers from discriminating against employees because they are members of one sex or another, this does not mean that employers must treat all sexes equally when making decisions about hiring and promotion. Rather, Scalia argued, Congress intended for Title VII to protect individuals from being discriminated against due to their membership in a particular group (i.e., men or women) rather than simply treating everyone as if they were equal regardless of gender identity or expression. As such, he concluded that the majority had incorrectly interpreted Title VII by failing to recognize this distinction between protecting individuals from discrimination based on their membership in a certain group versus treating all people equally regardless of gender identity or expression.