The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company v. Board of Public Utility Commissioners et al., 1928, is a case that revolved around the issue of whether or not the state of New Jersey could regulate and control intrastate rates for railroads operating within its borders. The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company argued that such regulation was unconstitutional as it interfered with interstate commerce, which falls under federal jurisdiction according to the Commerce Clause in the U.S Constitution. However, after careful consideration, the Supreme Court ruled against this argument stating that while states cannot interfere with interstate commerce directly, they do have authority over local matters - including setting reasonable rates for railroad services provided within their boundaries. This decision upheld New Jersey's right to regulate intrastate railroad rates and reinforced states' rights in managing local affairs without infringing on federal powers.

The dissenting opinion in the case of Lehigh Valley Railroad Company v. Board of Public Utility Commissioners disagreed with the majority's decision to uphold a New Jersey statute that allowed for state regulation and control over intrastate rates charged by railroads. The dissent argued that this law was unconstitutional as it interfered with interstate commerce, which is under federal jurisdiction according to the Commerce Clause of the U.S Constitution. They contended that while states have some power to regulate local aspects of railroad operations, they should not be able to exert such extensive control over rate-setting because it could potentially disrupt or conflict with national economic policy and regulations set forth by Congress or federal agencies. This level of state interference, they asserted, would undermine uniformity in interstate commerce regulation and create an untenable patchwork system where each state sets its own rules without regard for broader implications on national trade and transportation networks.