In Lott et al. v. United States, 1960, the appellants were convicted of violating a federal law that prohibits conspiracy to defraud the U.S government by impeding its lawful functions and duties. The defendants argued that they had been denied their constitutional rights because some members of their grand jury panel were selected from segregated areas in violation of the Fifth Amendment's due process clause and Sixth Amendment's right to an impartial jury trial. The Supreme Court held that while racial discrimination in selection of jurors is unconstitutional, there was no evidence presented showing such discrimination occurred during this case’s juror selection process. Furthermore, it ruled that even if segregation did exist where potential jurors lived or worked, this alone does not prove discriminatory practices in selecting them for service on juries. Therefore, without substantial proof demonstrating intentional exclusion based on race during juror selection procedure itself rather than mere existence of segregation elsewhere within community or state at large; claims regarding violations against Fifth and Sixth Amendments cannot be substantiated leading to upholding convictions made by lower courts.

In the dissenting opinion for Lott et al. v. United States, Justice Hugo Black argued that the majority's decision to uphold a conviction based on evidence obtained through an unlawful search and seizure was in direct violation of the Fourth Amendment rights of the defendants. He contended that by allowing such evidence to be used in court, it essentially condones illegal police conduct and undermines citizens' constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures. Furthermore, he disagreed with the majority's assertion that excluding unlawfully obtained evidence would hinder law enforcement efforts; instead, he believed this exclusionary rule serves as a necessary deterrent against police misconduct. In his view, upholding these fundamental constitutional safeguards is more important than securing convictions at any cost.