In the 1911 case of Martin v. West, the United States Supreme Court dealt with a dispute over land ownership in Oklahoma. The plaintiff, Martin, claimed that he had purchased the land from an individual who had received it as part of a government allotment to members of certain Native American tribes. However, under federal law at that time, such lands could not be sold or transferred for a period of 25 years after their initial allocation without presidential approval - which was not obtained in this case. The defendant West argued that because the original sale was illegal due to lack of presidential consent and thus voided any subsequent sales including Martin's purchase; therefore he should retain possession since his claim came through another line entirely independent from said invalid transaction. The court ruled in favor of West stating that even though there were no restrictions on alienation mentioned in the patent issued by President Roosevelt when transferring title to these lands (which would normally imply unrestricted transferability), Congress' intent regarding restrictions on alienation was clear and must be respected regardless if they weren't explicitly stated within each individual patent document itself.

In the dissenting opinion for Martin v. West, it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold a law prohibiting non-residents from hunting in Louisiana unless accompanied by a guide was an unconstitutional violation of interstate commerce rights. The dissent contended that such laws were discriminatory and protectionist in nature, serving only to protect local interests at the expense of out-of-state citizens' constitutional right to engage freely in trade and commerce across state lines. They believed this ruling set a dangerous precedent for states imposing arbitrary restrictions on non-residents under the guise of conservation or other seemingly legitimate purposes, which could potentially lead to widespread discrimination against out-of-state individuals engaging in lawful activities within any given state’s borders.