The United States Supreme Court case, United Mine Workers of America v. Railing et al., DBA C & P Coal Co., 1970, revolved around a dispute between the union and a coal company regarding collective bargaining agreements. The court had to decide whether federal courts could issue injunctions against unions for breaching no-strike clauses in their contracts under Section 301(a) of the Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA). The District Court initially issued an injunction against the Union which was later affirmed by the Appeals Court. However, upon reaching the Supreme Court, it reversed these decisions stating that while federal courts do have jurisdiction over such disputes under LMRA's Section 301(a), they should not use this power to issue injunctions in labor disputes due to Norris-LaGuardia Act’s anti-injunction provisions unless there are exceptional circumstances or clear proof that public officers charged with protecting public order failed in their duty.

In the dissenting opinion for United Mine Workers of America v. Railing et al., DBA C & P Coal Co., Justice Hugo Black argued that the majority's decision to hold a union liable for damages caused by its members during a strike was unjust and contrary to established legal principles. He contended that holding an organization responsible for individual actions would set a dangerous precedent, potentially stifling free speech and assembly rights protected under the First Amendment. Furthermore, he disagreed with the majority’s interpretation of federal labor law, asserting it did not intend to impose liability on unions in such circumstances. Instead, he believed these laws were designed to balance power between employers and employees rather than punish unions for their members' actions during strikes or other collective action events.