The State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1866. The case involved the state of Mississippi suing President Andrew Johnson for his refusal to recognize the state's new constitution, which had been adopted in 1868. The state argued that Johnson had violated the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which required the president to recognize any state constitution that was adopted in accordance with the Reconstruction Acts. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the state, finding that Johnson had violated the Reconstruction Acts by refusing to recognize the new constitution. The Court held that the Reconstruction Acts were constitutional and that the president was obligated to recognize any state constitution that was adopted in accordance with the Acts. The Court also held that the president had no authority to refuse to recognize a state constitution that was adopted in accordance with the Reconstruction Acts. This ruling was significant in that it established the principle that the president must abide by the laws passed by Congress, even if he disagrees with them.

In the case of The State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, Chief Justice Chase delivered a dissenting opinion in which he argued that Congress had no authority to pass legislation limiting the power of a state government. He maintained that states have exclusive control over their own internal affairs and any attempt by Congress to interfere with this would be unconstitutional. Furthermore, he argued that even if it were within Congress's power to do so, they could not use such powers as an excuse for punishing individuals who are acting under orders from their respective state governments. In conclusion, Chief Justice Chase believed that the law passed by Congress was invalid because it exceeded its constitutional limits and violated fundamental principles of federalism established by our Founding Fathers.