Moore v. Mississippi was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the issue of racial discrimination in jury selection. The case involved a black man, Willie Moore, who was convicted of murder by an all-white jury in Mississippi. Moore argued that the jury selection process was unconstitutional because it excluded African Americans from the jury pool. The Supreme Court agreed with Moore and held that the exclusion of African Americans from the jury pool violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court noted that the exclusion of African Americans from the jury pool was based on race and was therefore unconstitutional. The Court also noted that the exclusion of African Americans from the jury pool was a violation of the right to a fair trial. The Court's decision in Moore v. Mississippi was a landmark ruling that established the principle that racial discrimination in jury selection is unconstitutional. The ruling was an important step in the fight for racial equality in the United States and helped to ensure that all citizens have the right to a fair trial.

Justice Field delivered the dissenting opinion in Moore v. Mississippi, arguing that the state of Mississippi had violated the Fourteenth Amendment by denying African Americans their right to serve on juries. He argued that this was a violation of both equal protection and due process rights, as it denied individuals who were otherwise qualified from serving on juries solely because they were African American. Justice Field further argued that while states have broad authority over jury selection processes, they cannot use race or color as criteria for exclusion from service; doing so would be a clear violation of constitutional protections against discrimination based on race or color. Furthermore, he noted that such practices are especially egregious when used to exclude African Americans from participating in criminal trials where their peers are being tried for crimes committed against them and other members of their community.