Morgan v. Beloit, City and Town was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1868. The case involved a dispute between the City of Beloit, Wisconsin and the plaintiff, John Morgan. Morgan had purchased a lot in Beloit in 1856, and the city had subsequently passed an ordinance that prohibited the construction of any building on the lot. Morgan argued that the ordinance was unconstitutional, as it deprived him of his property without due process of law. The Supreme Court agreed with Morgan, ruling that the ordinance was unconstitutional. The Court held that the ordinance was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees due process of law. The Court also held that the ordinance was an unconstitutional taking of property without just compensation. The Court ordered the City of Beloit to pay Morgan for the value of the lot, as well as damages for the deprivation of his property. The decision in Morgan v. Beloit, City and Town was an important one, as it established the principle that the government cannot take away a person's property without due process of law and just compensation. This principle has been applied in numerous cases since then, and is an important part of the American legal system.

In Morgan v. Beloit, City and Town (1868), the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a municipal corporation could be held liable for damages caused by its negligence in failing to repair a bridge that had been damaged by floodwaters. The majority opinion found that municipalities were not liable for such damages because they did not have the power or authority to make repairs on private property without consent of the owner. However, Justice Field dissented from this ruling, arguing that it was unjust and inequitable for citizens who suffered losses due to municipal negligence to go uncompensated while those whose property is destroyed through no fault of their own are able to recover compensation from insurance companies or other sources. He argued further that if municipalities were allowed immunity from liability in these cases then there would be little incentive for them to take proper care when constructing public works projects like bridges which can cause significant damage if neglected or improperly maintained.