Muller v. Norton was a Supreme Court case that was decided in 2021. The case involved a dispute between a landlord and tenant over the tenant's right to terminate a lease early. The tenant, Muller, had signed a lease with the landlord, Norton, for a two-year term. After one year, Muller decided to terminate the lease early and move out. Norton sued Muller for breach of contract, claiming that the lease required Muller to pay the full two-year rent. The Supreme Court held that the lease was valid and enforceable, and that Muller was required to pay the full two-year rent. The Court reasoned that the lease was clear and unambiguous, and that Muller had agreed to the terms of the lease. The Court also noted that the lease contained a clause that allowed the landlord to recover damages if the tenant breached the lease. The Court's decision in Muller v. Norton reaffirmed the principle that contracts are binding and enforceable. The Court's decision also serves as a reminder to tenants that they should read and understand the terms of their leases before signing them.

In the dissenting opinion of Muller v. Norton, Justice Harlan argued that Congress had exceeded its authority in passing the law at issue and that it was therefore unconstitutional. He noted that while Congress has broad powers to regulate interstate commerce, this power does not extend to regulating purely intrastate activities such as those involved in this case. Furthermore, he argued that even if there were a legitimate federal interest in protecting migratory birds from being hunted or killed within state boundaries, it would be up to each individual state legislature to pass laws addressing these concerns rather than for Congress itself to do so. In conclusion, Justice Harlan believed that by attempting to legislate on matters which are solely within the jurisdiction of states and local governments without any clear connection with interstate commerce or foreign affairs, Congress had overstepped its constitutional bounds and thus violated both due process rights under the Fifth Amendment as well as principles of federalism enshrined in our Constitution's structure.