The U.S. Supreme Court case Nashville Milk Co. v. Carnation Company in 1957 revolved around the issue of unfair competition and trademark infringement. The plaintiff, Nashville Milk Co., alleged that Carnation Company had engaged in deceptive practices by selling its evaporated milk products under a similar name and packaging as theirs, thereby causing confusion among consumers and damaging their business interests. However, the court ruled in favor of Carnation Company stating that there was no evidence to prove any intent on part of the defendant to deceive customers or cause harm to Nashville Milk Co.'s business through its marketing strategies or product presentation.

The dissenting opinion in the Nashville Milk Co. v. Carnation Company case argued that the majority's decision was inconsistent with previous rulings and failed to consider important aspects of interstate commerce law. The dissenters believed that there were no grounds for finding a violation of anti-trust laws, as they felt Carnation had not engaged in price discrimination or predatory pricing practices but rather was simply competing fairly within its market. They also disagreed with the majority's interpretation of "locality" under Section 2(a) of the Clayton Act, arguing it should be defined more broadly than just one city or state. Furthermore, they contended that even if there were a violation, any damages awarded should have been limited to actual losses suffered by Nashville Milk Co., instead of being tripled according to statute provisions.