The National Labor Relations Board v. Duval Jewelry Company of Miami, Inc., et al., 1957 is a case that revolved around labor rights and unionization. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) accused the Duval Jewelry Company of engaging in unfair labor practices by interfering with its employees' right to self-organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing as provided under Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the National Labor Relations Act. The NLRB ordered the company to cease these actions, reinstate four discharged employees with back pay, and post notices about employee rights at their workplace. However, the Court of Appeals refused enforcement on grounds that substantial evidence did not support findings that two out-of-five workers were unlawfully discharged for union activities or membership; it also questioned whether such small number constituted "labor organization". Upon review by Supreme Court though, it was held that even two-person group can be considered a "labor organization" if they are dealing with grievances directly affecting their employment terms; thus reversing lower court's decision.

In the dissenting opinion for the case of NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v. DUVAL JEWELRY COMPANY OF MIAMI, INC., it was argued that the majority's decision to uphold an order by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) compelling Duval Jewelry Company to bargain with a labor union, despite evidence of misconduct during a representation election, contradicted established legal principles and precedent. The dissenters believed that there were serious questions about whether employees had been coerced into voting for union representation due to threats made against them if they did not vote in favor of joining the union. They contended that these allegations should have been thoroughly investigated before any bargaining order was issued. Furthermore, they criticized NLRB’s failure to set aside an election where such misconduct occurred as undermining free choice in employee representation matters which is fundamental under national labor policy.