The U.S. Supreme Court case Ohio Oil Company v. Conway, Supervisor of Public Accounts of Louisiana in 1929 revolved around the issue of taxation on oil and gas production by states. The Ohio Oil Company challenged a tax imposed by the state of Louisiana on its oil and gas operations within the state's boundaries, arguing that it was unconstitutional as it violated their rights under the Fourteenth Amendment due to double taxation since they were already paying federal taxes for these operations. However, the Supreme Court ruled against them stating that there was no violation because both federal and state governments have separate taxing powers under different laws; hence there is no constitutional prohibition against such dual taxation systems unless explicitly stated otherwise in law or constitution itself.

In the dissenting opinion for Ohio Oil Company v. Conway, it was argued that the state of Louisiana had no right to impose a tax on oil and gas removed from beneath its soil by an out-of-state corporation. The dissenting justices believed that this constituted an interference with interstate commerce, which is protected under the Commerce Clause of the U.S Constitution. They contended that once oil or gas has been extracted and prepared for shipment, it becomes part of interstate commerce and thus immune from state taxation. Furthermore, they disagreed with majority's view about states' rights over natural resources within their borders; arguing instead these resources should be considered as part of national wealth subject to federal regulation rather than individual state control.