Omaha v. Hammond is a United States Supreme Court case that was decided in 1877. The case involved a dispute between the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska and the Hammond family over a tract of land in Nebraska. The Omaha Tribe claimed that the land had been granted to them by the United States government in 1854, while the Hammonds argued that they had purchased the land from the Omaha Tribe in 1856. The Supreme Court held that the Omaha Tribe had a valid claim to the land, as the United States government had granted the land to the tribe in 1854. The Court also held that the Hammonds had not acquired a valid title to the land, as the Omaha Tribe had not given up their claim to the land when they sold it to the Hammonds. The Court further held that the United States government had a duty to protect the rights of the Omaha Tribe, and that the Hammonds had no right to the land. In conclusion, the Supreme Court held that the Omaha Tribe had a valid claim to the land, and that the Hammonds had no right to the land. The Court also held that the United States government had a duty to protect the rights of the Omaha Tribe.

In Omaha v. Hammond, the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a city ordinance that prohibited certain activities on public streets violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The majority opinion held that it did not violate the clause because it applied equally to all persons and there was no evidence of discrimination against any particular group or class of people. Justice Field dissented from this decision, arguing that while the ordinance may have been written in a way so as to appear neutral on its face, its application had an unequal effect upon African Americans living in Omaha at the time. He argued that since they were disproportionately affected by this law due to their limited access to private property for leisure activities such as walking and riding horses, they were being denied equal protection under the law.