Peyton v. Robertson was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1824 that dealt with the issue of whether or not an individual state had the power to nullify a federal law. The dispute arose when Virginia passed a statute allowing its citizens to pay their debts using paper money, which was contrary to existing federal laws requiring payment in gold and silver coins. The plaintiff argued that this act violated his rights as guaranteed by Article I of the Constitution, while Virginia maintained it had authority under Article VI's Supremacy Clause to nullify any conflicting federal legislation within its borders. After considering both sides' arguments, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against Virginia and declared that states do not have such powers; only Congress can pass laws regulating currency matters throughout all states. He further stated that if one state were allowed to ignore national laws then other states could follow suit, leading ultimately to chaos and anarchy among them - something he felt must be avoided at all costs for preserving union between them.

In the case of Peyton v. Robertson, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that Congress did not have the power to grant land titles within states without their consent. He noted that while Congress had been granted certain powers by the Constitution, such as regulating commerce and making laws necessary for carrying out its enumerated powers, it could not exercise any authority beyond those expressly delegated to it by the document. Furthermore, he argued that if Congress were allowed to act outside of these boundaries then state sovereignty would be undermined and federalism would cease to exist. In conclusion, Marshall maintained that granting land titles was an issue best left up to individual states rather than being decided at a federal level.