Price & Others v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company is a United States Supreme Court case that was decided in 1885. The case involved a dispute between the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and a group of individuals who had been injured in a train accident. The individuals had sued the railroad company for damages, claiming that the company had been negligent in its operation of the train. The Supreme Court held that the railroad company was liable for the injuries suffered by the individuals. The Court found that the company had failed to exercise reasonable care in the operation of the train, and that this negligence had caused the accident. The Court also held that the individuals were entitled to damages for their injuries. The Court's decision in this case established the principle that a railroad company is liable for injuries caused by its negligence. This principle has been applied in numerous cases since then, and has been used to protect the rights of individuals who have been injured due to the negligence of a railroad company.

In Price & Others v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the Supreme Court was tasked with deciding whether a state statute that allowed for railroad companies to be taxed on their real estate and personal property violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The majority opinion held that it did not violate this amendment because it applied equally to all corporations within the state, regardless of size or purpose. However, in his dissenting opinion Justice Field argued that while taxation may be equal across different types of corporations, if one type is subject to higher taxes than another then this would constitute an unequal burden and thus violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. He further argued that since railroads are already heavily regulated by both federal and state governments they should not have to bear any additional financial burdens due solely to their corporate status as compared with other businesses operating in similar industries but under different legal structures such as partnerships or sole proprietorships.