Public Schools v. Walker was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the issue of racial segregation in public schools. The case was brought by a group of African American parents in the state of Virginia who argued that their children were being denied access to public schools due to their race. The parents argued that the state of Virginia had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by denying their children access to public schools. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the parents, finding that the state of Virginia had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court held that the state of Virginia had violated the Equal Protection Clause by denying African American children access to public schools. The Court also held that the state of Virginia had violated the Fourteenth Amendment by denying African American children access to public schools on the basis of race. The Court's ruling in Public Schools v. Walker was a landmark decision that established the principle of racial equality in public schools. The Court's ruling in this case set a precedent that would be used in future cases to challenge racial segregation in public schools. The Court's ruling in this case also established the principle that states must provide equal access to public schools regardless of race.

In the case of Public Schools v. Walker, the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a state-mandated school tax violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The majority opinion held that it did not, but Justice Field dissented from this decision and argued that such taxes were unconstitutional because they discriminated against African Americans by denying them access to public education. He pointed out that while white children in some states had free access to public schools, black children often had no choice but to attend segregated private schools or pay for their own schooling if they wanted an education at all. Furthermore, he noted that even when black students attended integrated schools, they were still subject to unequal treatment due to segregation laws and other forms of discrimination within those institutions. In conclusion, Justice Field argued strongly against any form of taxation which denied equal educational opportunities on account of race or color alone as being contrary both "to justice and sound policy."