In the case of Public Service Commission of Utah et al. v. United States et al., 1957, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce over state rights. The dispute arose when a trucking company operating between states was granted permission by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to extend its operations within Utah, despite objections from local carriers and Utah's Public Service Commission who argued that it would harm their business. The State commission sued on grounds that ICC had not sufficiently considered interests of intrastate commerce before granting permission for expansion but lost at both District and Appeals court levels. The Supreme Court upheld these decisions stating that while ICC must consider effects on intrastate service when making decisions about interstate services, they are not required to provide detailed findings or conclusions regarding this consideration unless there is substantial evidence suggesting potential harm to intrastate service which wasn't found in this case.

In the dissenting opinion for Public Service Commission of Utah et al. v. United States et al., Justice Frankfurter argued that the majority's decision was an overreach of federal power and a violation of states' rights to regulate their own commerce. He contended that the Interstate Commerce Act did not grant such broad authority to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) as interpreted by his colleagues, especially when it came to intrastate transportation matters traditionally under state jurisdiction. The justice believed this case represented an unwarranted intrusion into local affairs, undermining principles of federalism and disrupting established regulatory frameworks without sufficient justification or legal basis in statute or precedent. Furthermore, he expressed concern about potential negative impacts on local businesses due to increased competition from interstate carriers now able to operate within state borders under ICC regulation rather than state control.