The U.S. Supreme Court case Railroad Transfer Service, Inc. v. City of Chicago et al., 1966 revolved around the issue of whether a city ordinance that required licensing for vehicles used in commercial transportation was unconstitutional due to its interference with interstate commerce. The plaintiff, Railroad Transfer Service (RTS), provided shuttle services between railroad stations and argued that this law violated the Commerce Clause by imposing undue burdens on interstate travel. However, the court ruled against RTS stating that local regulations intended to ensure public safety were not necessarily an infringement upon interstate commerce rights unless they created direct and substantial barriers or discrimination against such trade activities.

In the dissenting opinion for the case of Railroad Transfer Service, Inc. v. City of Chicago et al., Justice Black argued that the majority's decision to uphold a city ordinance requiring chauffeurs' licenses for drivers who transport railroad passengers between stations was an unconstitutional interference with interstate commerce. He contended that this local regulation placed a burden on interstate travel by imposing additional licensing requirements and fees on drivers involved in such transportation services, which could potentially disrupt or hinder their operations. Furthermore, he expressed concern about the potential implications of allowing local governments to impose regulations on activities related to interstate commerce without clear justification or necessity.