In the case of Robertson, President of the Army Review Board v. Chambers (1950), the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of Chambers, a former military officer who had been dismissed from service due to alleged fraudulent conduct. The court held that Chambers was entitled to a fair hearing before his dismissal and that he should have been given an opportunity to cross-examine witnesses against him. This ruling established important precedents regarding due process rights for members of the military and affirmed their right to fair treatment under law. It also highlighted how administrative bodies like the Army Review Board must adhere strictly to principles of natural justice when making decisions affecting individuals' rights or interests.

In the dissenting opinion for Robertson v. Chambers, Justice Frankfurter argued that the Court should not have taken jurisdiction over this case because it was a matter of military law and therefore outside its purview. He contended that Congress had given courts-martial exclusive jurisdiction over crimes committed by servicemen in active service, even if those crimes were also punishable under civilian law. Furthermore, he believed that allowing civil courts to review court-martial decisions would undermine military discipline and authority. Finally, he pointed out that Chambers had already been tried and convicted by a court-martial for his crime; thus, according to double jeopardy principles, he could not be retried in a civil court for the same offense.