In the case of Schaffer Transportation Co. et al. v. United States et al., 1957, the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and against Schaffer Transportation Company and other trucking companies who challenged ICC's regulation that limited their operations to a radius of 20 miles from their home base for picking up goods destined for out-of-state delivery. The truckers argued that this restriction was arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion and not supported by substantial evidence as required under Administrative Procedure Act standards for judicial review. However, the court upheld ICC's decision stating it had provided adequate reasons based on public interest considerations such as preventing destructive competition among carriers which could lead to deterioration in service quality or financial instability in transportation industry.

In the dissenting opinion for Schaffer Transportation Co. et al. v. United States et al., Justice Brennan argued that the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) had overstepped its authority by imposing a new rate structure on carriers without sufficient evidence to justify such action. He contended that the ICC's decision was based on an assumption of potential harm rather than concrete proof, which he believed was not enough to warrant regulatory intervention in this case. Furthermore, he criticized the majority's deference to administrative expertise and warned against allowing agencies too much discretion in interpreting their own powers under statutory law. In his view, courts should play a more active role in reviewing agency decisions and ensuring they adhere strictly to legislative intent.