In the case of Seaboard Air Line Railway Company v. Railroad Commission of Georgia, 1915, the U.S Supreme Court dealt with a dispute over railway rates set by the state commission in Georgia. The Seaboard Air Line Railway Company argued that these rates were discriminatory and violated their rights under both federal law and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. However, after examining evidence presented by both parties, including data on freight charges and operating costs for different railroads within Georgia as well as other states, it was concluded that there was no substantial proof to support this claim of discrimination or violation of constitutional rights. Therefore, it upheld the decision made by lower courts which had ruled in favor of maintaining these regulated rates set forth by Georgia's railroad commission.

In the dissenting opinion for Seaboard Air Line Railway Company v. Railroad Commission of Georgia, it was argued that the Supreme Court should not have intervened in this case because it involved a matter of state regulation. The justice believed that the State of Georgia had acted within its rights to regulate commerce within its borders and protect public safety by requiring trains to stop at certain stations. He also pointed out that there was no evidence showing these regulations were unreasonable or oppressive towards railway companies. Furthermore, he disagreed with the majority's interpretation of 'commerce' under federal law, arguing instead for a more narrow definition which would exclude intrastate transportation from federal control unless it directly affected interstate commerce.