The Society for Savings in the City of Cleveland v. Bowers, Tax Commissioner of Ohio case was a dispute over taxation laws. The Society for Savings, a mutual savings bank chartered by Ohio but exempt from state taxes under its charter, challenged an amendment to the state constitution that allowed taxation on such institutions. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bowers and upheld the tax law amendment as constitutional. They found that while contracts between states and corporations are protected under the Contract Clause of the U.S Constitution, this protection does not extend to corporate charters granted by states which include tax exemption provisions unless those exemptions were clearly stated within their original charter agreement with explicit language stating they cannot be altered or repealed without consent from both parties involved.

In the dissenting opinion for Society for Savings in the City of Cleveland v. Bowers, Justice Robert H. Jackson disagreed with the majority's decision that Ohio's tax law discriminated against out-of-state banks and violated the Commerce Clause. He argued that there was no discrimination because all banks operating within Ohio were subject to its laws regardless of their origin or home state. Furthermore, he contended that it was not a violation of interstate commerce as it did not impede or obstruct business transactions across state lines but merely subjected them to taxation like any other local enterprise. In his view, this case represented an overreach by federal courts into matters best left to states' discretion under principles of federalism.