In the case of State of Oklahoma and State of Texas v. New Mexico, 1993, the U.S Supreme Court was tasked with resolving a dispute over water rights among these states. The conflict centered around the allocation and usage of water from the Red River that flows through all three states. The Compact Clause in Article I Section 10 of the United States Constitution allows for agreements or compacts between states but requires congressional consent for such agreements to be valid. In this instance, Congress had approved an agreement known as Red River Compact which provided a framework for sharing water resources amongst these states. However, disagreements arose on how to interpret certain provisions within this compact leading to litigation before the Supreme Court. The court ruled in favor of New Mexico by interpreting that under Section 5.05(b)(1)of Red River Compact , New Mexico is not obligated to deliver any specific amount at state line during periods when it is storing less than its allotted share upstream . This ruling clarified how much water each state could use from shared sources like rivers or lakes thus helping prevent future disputes over similar issues.

In the dissenting opinion for the case between Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico, it was argued that the majority's decision to allow New Mexico to divert water from an interstate river system without considering its impact on downstream states was a violation of established principles of equitable apportionment. The dissenters believed that this ruling could potentially disrupt long-standing agreements about water rights in multi-state river systems and create conflicts among states. They also pointed out that there were factual disputes regarding whether or not New Mexico had exceeded its allocated share of water under existing compacts which should have been resolved before making any decisions about changes in use. Furthermore, they disagreed with the majority's interpretation of previous court rulings related to similar cases as well as their application of legal standards used to evaluate claims involving interstate waters.